First, lithium batteries are easy to fire the 6 core causes：
1. Internal short circuit
Diaphragm breakage (e.g. dendrite puncture, mechanical extrusion) directly leads to contact between positive and negative electrodes, and local current surge generates high temperature.
2.Overcharge/overdischarge
When overcharging, the positive electrode is overly delithiated, and the structure collapses and releases oxygen; over-discharge leads to the dissolution of copper collector, which will lead to the side reaction of exothermic.
Experimental data show that the temperature of battery can rise 400℃ when overcharged to 130%.
3. Electrolyte flammability
Traditional liquid electrolyte (e.g. EC/DMC solvent) has a flash point of only 30-40℃, and when it leaks, it will form a flammable vapor in the air.
4. Thermal management failure
When the temperature difference of single body in the battery pack is >5℃, the local overheating area will be the first to enter thermal runaway, which will lead to “domino effect”.
5.Mechanical damage
Puncture / extrusion leads to internal structural damage, the instantaneous release of energy equivalent to 3 times the battery storage capacity of the Joule heat.
6.Manufacturing defects
Micron-sized metal dust residues (e.g., in substandard manufacturing environments) can lurk for years before triggering a short circuit.
II. Guidelines for safe operation on the user side
1.Charging control
Use the original charger to avoid deep discharge below 20%, charging stops at 95% (lithium iron phosphate battery can be full).
2.Environment Management
Prohibit the storage of equipment in >60℃ environment (such as closed compartments in summer), humidity should be maintained at 30-70%.
3.Damage treatment
When the battery is found to be bulging/leaking, immediately disconnect the power and use a special explosion-proof box to isolate it (do not put it into an ordinary trash can).
4.Emergency Measures
Initial smoke stage can use Class D fire extinguishers (e.g. copper powder fire extinguishers), after the emergence of open flames need to continue to cool down for at least 2 hours.
Lithium battery safety is a comprehensive game of materials science, engineering design and intelligent control, with the maturity of solid-state battery technology and the popularization of Internet of Things monitoring, the probability of power battery fire in the next decade is expected to drop to less than one in a million.
Post time: Feb-28-2025